Ling, Qufei and Li, Sifa and Qiao, Deliang and Yao, Huazhang and Zhang, Haijun and Yin, Jianguo and He, Zhijie and Li, Yanping and Cai, Xiaoqin. (2003) The study on the embryonic development and feeding of the yolk-sac larvae of Tinca tinca. Journal of fisheries of China/Shuichan Xuebao [J. Fish. China/Shuichan Xuebao], pp. 43-48
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Lotic habitat conditions, moderate to high water flow [0.15-0.75 m/s], BUT one population found spawning without any current | Flowing or turbulent water |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Shallow waters: 0.1-0.3 m BUT one population spawned at depth up to 1.28 m | 0.2 m |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravel banks BUT one population spawned on allochtonous gravel with a mean diameter of 39± 16 mm | Lithophils |