Hynes, H.B.N., 1950. The food of fresh-water sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius), with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes. The journal of animal ecology, pp.36-58.
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Larvae | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | present | Present |